Shawn K. Singh, J.D.
Chief Executive Officer and Director
Mr. Singh serves as our Chief Executive Officer and a director. He joined our Board of Directors in 2000 and our senior management team, on a part-time basis, in 2003 following our acquisition of Artemis Neuroscience, of which he was President. Mr. Singh has nearly 20 years of experience working with public and private biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. From 2001 to August 2009, Mr. Singh served as Managing Principal of Cato BioVentures, a life science venture capital firm, and as Chief Business Officer and General Counsel of Cato Research Ltd., a global contract research and development organization (CRO) affiliated with Cato BioVentures. Mr. Singh also served as President (part-time) of Echo Therapeutics (OTCBB: ECTE) from September 2007 to June 2009 and as Chief Executive Officer (part-time) of Hemodynamic Therapeutics, Inc. from November 2004 to August 2009. From 2000 to 2001, Mr. Singh served as Managing Director of Start-Up Law, a management consulting firm serving early-stage biotechnology companies. Mr. Singh served as Chief Business Officer of SciClone Pharmaceuticals (Nasdaq: SCLN) from 1993 to 2000 and as a corporate finance associate of Morrison & Foerster LLP, an international law firm from 1991 to 1993. Mr. Singh also currently serves as a member of the Board of Directors of Echo Therapeutics (OTCBB: ECTE) and Hemodynamic Therapeutics, a privately-held pharmaceutical company. Mr. Singh is a member of the State Bar of California.

H. Ralph Snodgrass, Ph.D.
President, Chief Scientific Officer and Director
Dr. Snodgrass serves as our President, Chief Scientific Officer and a director. Dr. Snodgrass founded our company in 1998 and served as our Chief Executive Officer until August 2009. Prior to joining us, Dr. Snodgrass was a key member of the executive management team which lead Progenitor, Inc., a developmental biology-focused biotechnology company, through its IPO, and was its Chief Scientific Officer from June 1994 to May 1998, and its Executive Director from July 1993 to May 1994. He received his Ph.D. in immunology from the University of Pennsylvania, and has more than 15 years of experience in senior biotechnology management and over 10 years research experience as a professor at the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University North Carolina Chapel Hill School of Medicine, and as a member of the Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland. Dr. Snodgrass is a past Board Member of the Emerging Company Section of the Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO), and past member of the International Society Stem Cell Research Industry Committee. Dr. Snodgrass has published more than 50 scientific papers, and is recognized as a pioneering expert in stem cell biology with more than 20 years experience in the uses of stem cells as biological tools for drug discovery and development.

A. Franklin Rice, MBA
Chief Financial Officer and Director
Mr. Rice serves as our Chief Financial Officer and, since joining the Company in 1999, has previously served as Senior Vice President, Finance and Administration and Vice President, Business Development. He has also served as a Director and our Secretary since 1999. Mr. Rice has been employed in the biotechnology industry since 1988 during which time he has held positions of increasing responsibility. From 1988 to 1998, Mr. Rice served as Senior Director of Business Development at Genencor International and from 1998 to 1999 as Vice President of Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals for Bechtel Group where he was responsible for global sales and marketing of consulting services to biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. Mr. Rice earned his B.S.Ch.E. with honors from Clarkson University, an MBA degree with a double major in finance and marketing from University of Rochester.s Simon School of Business and a second Master.s degree in business from Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Independent Directors

Jon S. Saxe, J.D.
Chairman
Jon S. Saxe has served as Chairman of our Board of Directors since 2000. He is the retired President and was a director of PDL BioPharma. From 1989 to 1993, he was President, Chief Executive Officer and a director of Synergen, Inc. (acquired by Amgen). Mr. Saxe served as Vice President, Licensing & Corporate Development for Hoffmann-Roche from 1984 through 1989, and Head Patent Law from 1978 through 1989. Mr. Saxe currently is a director of public life science companies, including SciClone Pharmaceuticals and Durect Corporation, and several private biotechnology companies, including Altheos, Inc., Arbor Vita Corporation, Astex Therapeutics, Ltd. and BaroFold, Inc. Mr. Saxe also has served as a director of other biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, including the Canadian company ID Biomedical (acquired by GlaxoSmithKline), Sciele Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (acquired by Shionogi), Amalyte (acquired by Kemin Industries), Cell Pathways (acquired by OSI Pharmaceuticals), and other companies, both public and private. Mr. Saxe has a B.S.Ch.E. from Carnegie-Mellon University, a JD degree from George Washington University and an LLM degree from New York University.

Gregory A. Bonfiglio, J.D.
Director
Gregory A. Bonfiglio, J.D. joined our Board of Directors in February 2007. Mr. Bonfiglio has over 25 years experience working with technology companies. He is the Founder and Managing Partner of Proteus, LLC, an investment and advisory firm focused solely on regenerative medicine (.RM.). Proteus operates three separate businesses: Proteus Venture Partners, which manages RM funds; Proteus Insights, which provides strategic consulting services to RM companies regarding funding, commercialization, clinical development, market entry, and sector analyses; and Proteus Advisors, which provides fundraising and M&A services to RM companies. Mr. Bonfiglio is a Member of the ISSCR and is on its Advisory Board, as well as their Industry and Finance Committees. He also is also a Member of the ISCT and is on its Commercialization Committee. From 2000 through 2005, Mr. Bonfiglio was a General Partner of Anthem Venture Partners, an early-stage venture fund focused on both biotechnology and information technology. Prior to joining Anthem, he was a Partner with Morrison & Foerster, an international law firm, where he worked extensively with technology companies. Mr. Bonfiglio was an Adjunct Professor of Law at Stanford Law School, from 1996 to 2000. Since 1995, he has been a regular Guest Lecturer at the UC Berkley Haas Business School, in the Top Down Law program. Mr. Bonfiglio received his B.A. in Mathematics (magna cum laude) from Michigan State University in 1975, and his J.D. (magna cum laude) from the University of Michigan Law School in 1981.

Brian Underdown, Ph.D.
Director
Dr. Underdown is managing Director of Lumira Capital, and started in the venture capital industry in 1997 with MDS capital (MDSCC). His investment focus has been on therapeutics in both new and established companies in both Canada and the United States. Prior to joining MDSCC, Dr. Underdown held a number of senior management positions in the biopharmaceutical industry and at universities. Dr. Underdown.s past and current board positions include: ID Biomedical, Trillium Therapeutics, Cytochroma Inc., Argos Therapeutics, Nysa Membrane Technologies, Ception Therapeutics and Transmolecular Therapeutics. He has served on a number of Boards and advisory bodies of government sponsored research organizations including CANVAC, the Canadian National Centre of Excellence in Vaccines, Ontario Genomics Institute, Allergen, the Canadian National Centre of Excellence in Allergy and Asthma. Dr. Underdown obtained his Ph.D. in immunology from McGill University and undertook post-doctoral studies at Washington University School of Medicine.

Scientific Advisory Panel

Gordon Keller, Ph.D., Chairman
Director of McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network
Dr. Keller is the Director of the McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, and Professor, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada. Dr. Keller is a world leader in the field of hematopoietic development with more than 100 publications relating to blood development and stem cells. Previously, he held an endowed chair at the Carl C. Icahn Institute for Gene Therapy and Molecular Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, was a Member of the National Jewish Medical & Research Center, Denver, CO, Associate Professor, Department of Immunology, University Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, a Member, Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland, and a Visiting Scientist at the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria. He has served on several NIH study sections and is invited throughout the world to talk about his research on stem cells and blood development. He and Dr. Snodgrass are long-time collaborators who helped pioneer the use of stem cell systems for understanding hematopoietic development, cell biology, and as better biological systems for pharmaceutical discovery, rescue and development.

Peter Backx, D.V.M., Ph.D.
Professor, University of Toronto, Departments of Physiology and Medicine
Dr. Backx brings more than 20 years of research experience relating to electrophysiology, ion channels biochemistry, and heart disease with more than 200 publications. He has served on several NIH grant study sections, is a reviewer for multiple scientific journals, and has been past Chair of multiple committees of the Heart & Stroke Foundation of Canada. We believe Dr. Backx.s experience with cardiac biology and ion channels will contribute significantly to our drug rescue efforts and our understanding drug-related cardiac effects.

George Clay, Ph.D.
Chief Operating Officer (retired), Kyowa Pharmaceuticals
Dr. Clay brings more than 13 years experience in worldwide registration of drugs and biologics, 15 years experience in preclinical research in the fields of neuronal and gastroenterology, and 6 years of consulting relating to drug development and regulatory affairs. In addition to his work at Kyowa, Dr. Clay was former Deputy Vice President, Worldwide Regulatory Affairs, Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, and former Senior Vice President, North American Regulatory Affairs, Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals, and has been responsible for more than 12 new drug approvals. Dr. Clay.s experience with regulatory and commercial drug development issues will contribute significantly to our drug rescue programs.

Arthur Fetter, D.V.M., Ph.D.
Sr. Vice President (retired), Worldwide Drug Safety, Rhone-Poulenc Rorer
Dr. Fetter brings 20 years of veterinary pathology/toxicology and senior management experience in preclinical safety assessment of pharmaceuticals, medical devices and surgically related products. We expect Dr. Fetter's experience with preclinical safety assessment to contribute to our drug rescue efforts by helping us understand the toxicology of compounds and identify and select safer lead drug rescue variants.

Jack Gauldie, Ph.D.
Director, Centre for Gene Therapeutics, McMaster University
Dr. Gauldie is recognized internationally for his work in defining the molecular regulation of the acute phase inflammatory response and is a world expert in the areas of cytokine biology and the molecular regulation of inflammation and immunity. He is Professor of the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. He also holds the title Distinguished University Professor at McMaster; he is director of the Institute for Molecular Medicine and Health; and director of both the Centre for Gene Therapeutics and MOBIX. Dr. Gauldie holds patents in immune regulation and vaccine development.

John Lowe Ph.D.
Senior Research Fellow (retired), Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Pfizer Global R&D
Dr. Lowe has authored 88 publications in the fields of chemistry, pharmacology, and drug design. He is an inventor or co-inventor on over 60 patents. For his discovery of the drug Geodon®, Dr. Lowe was awarded the 2005 Northeast Regional Industrial Innovation Award, and the 2007 ACS Heroes of Chemistry Award. Since 2007, he has served on the Scientific Advisory Board for the CHDI Foundation. We expect Dr. Lowe.s medicinal chemistry experience and background to contribute significantly to our drug rescue projects and new drug rescue variant design.

David Patterson, M.S.
Senior Fellow (retired), Computational Chemistry and Compound Library Design, Tripos International
Mr. Patterson has more than 30 years experience in research and commercial development of software and tools involving systems science, mathematics, and computational chemistry. He has invented and patented methods for validation of molecular descriptors, design of optimally diverse compound libraries (LeadQuest.), rapid searching of virtual libraries containing billions of chemical compounds (ChemSpace.), and interactive graphical displays of the 1000-D chemical descriptor space (SARNavigator.). We expect Mr. Patterson.s computational drug design expertise to be instrumental to our drug rescue programs and new drug rescue variant design.

James E. Sanders, D.V.M., Ph.D.
Senior Director and Preclinical Development Leader (retired), Johnson & Johnson
Dr. Sanders has more than 30 years experience in toxicology, safety assessment, drug development and regulatory affairs in senior global positions at world-leading pharmaceutical companies. We expect his experience in ADME, safety pharmacology, and toxicology to contribute significantly to our drug rescue programs by helping us select new lead drug rescue variants. In addition, Dr. Sanders. experience in interacting with World Health Regulatory Agencies from pre-IND through product registration will contribute to our drug development efforts.

Ron Wester, Ph.D.
Vice President (retired), Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Pfizer Global R&D
Dr. Wester has nearly 25 years experience in medicinal chemistry and drug development, with strategic leadership responsibilities for drug discovery technologies across chemistry, biology and computational disciplines. He has extensive senior leadership experience with organizational responsibility for large research global teams across multiple therapeutic areas (atherosclerosis, cardiovascular, diabetes, obesity, and osteoporosis). We expect Dr. Wester.s extensive experience in delivering successful drug candidates and driving the use of new chemistry and computational technologies to contribute significantly to our drug rescue campaigns.